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Trait anxiety and state anxiety

Anxiety is not manifested as a unitary phenomenon, which can detect two different types of anxiety:

trait anxiety:

This type of anxiety is characterized as a relatively stable component of personality.
The so-called "trait anxiety" is a characteristic of the personality of some people who tend to have the defense system of anxiety particularly strong, so much to live most experience so worried, agitated, restless , anxious precisely. In practice the style of perception anxious type of person extends to all areas of his life experience, becoming in effect a feature of personality.
Those who show a more developed treatment of anxiety show a greater responsiveness a large number of stimuli in short react with concern, even in those situations that are not a source of threat to most individuals. These people are more likely to present circumstances in state anxiety and low potential source of anxiety, such as the normal daily activities, or to experience higher levels of state anxiety in the presence of anxiety-inducing stimuli.

Anxiety Status:

anxiety was manifested as a continuum of emotional interruption, that causes a break in the balance of the emotional person , is expressed by means of a subjective feeling of tension, worry, anxiety, nervousness, reactivity. It is associated with activation of the autonomic nervous system, which causes a variety of physiological activities. High levels of state anxiety are particularly unpleasant, disturbing and even painful, to the point of inducing a person to put in place mechanisms of behavioral adaptation aimed to put an end to these feelings. However, these mechanisms can not achieve this goal, leaving room for other behavior, this time type mismatched (avoidant, dependent ...) which brings the opposite effect, ie increasing anxiety further, starting a vicious cycle of pathological.

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Launching of a

First Reception
The first information session is an area that I dedicate listening to personal problems and the exchange of information on the types and modalities of intervention I can offer. Often it is also an opportunity to dispel prejudices and irrational fears commonly associated with the conduct of psychological journey.

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Exploration of the Problem and the Question
When the customer decides to undertake a psychological journey, beginning with the spend the first 4-5 meetings to explore the problem situation and presented the request I was made. The meetings are characterized by fairly detailed interview about the history of life and different areas of operation of the customer to identify constructive and realistic goals. These first meetings are also useful for evaluating the presence of motivation and compatibility necessary collaboration.

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counseling or psychotherapy?
propose a advice when the problem presented is limited to a specific area of \u200b\u200boperation and the need for better understanding and practice of management itself. I propose a psychotherapy when in fact the discomfort of the person, pervasive and clinically significant, is based on the dysfunctionality of how intrapsychic and interpersonal structured and complex.

How and when
The advice, as a process of definition of the problem situation and exploration of resources and options to manage it, consists of a series meetings, mostly short-term (6-10 months). The
psychotherapy as a process of care, recovery, maturation of the overall structure and depth of personality, but provides a route in the longer term (from 6-12 months). The

goals remains, however, the main parameter from which we evaluate and we agree with the disruption of meetings. It depends largely on the active collaboration and commitment of the patient, also outside psychological seat.
Any difficulties relating to employment or the relationship, often projecting their own dysfunctional ways of treating themselves, others and life, become rather important subject of work in the session.
In any case we reach agreement on the conclusion of a session of work, the objectives achieved and, where appropriate, of aspects or areas of work yet to be explored.

will be developed according to their needs, a weekly fixed space (or two if necessary). The weekly session will last 50 minutes.
commitment will be agreed to be present and punctual by both. Only if exceptions and emergencies you can ask for the recovery of the session on another day, in the current week or next. In respect of the commitment, the seats at the last minute cancellations or jump without warning are subject to charges.

will signed a consent form to the processing of data and agreement on these terms of cooperation .
What emerges in the session is protected by professional secrecy .

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Brief overview of anxiety disorders

Single Panic Attack : Defined period of intense fear characterized by at least 4 symptoms reach peak intensity in the space of 10min: tachycardia, sweating, trembling, choking, chest pain, nausea, feeling dizzy, feeling of unreality, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias (numbness and tingling sensations), chills or hot flushes.

panic disorder with or without agoraphobia : recurrent and unexpected panic attacks accompanied by at least a period of one month in which they occur one or more of the following symptoms: desire to have more panic attacks, fear of the consequences (losing control, having a heart attack, crazy, die ..). The presence or absence of agoraphobia *.

* Agoraphobia without panic : discomfort felt when you are in unfamiliar environments (leaving home, entering shops, standing in line, stay in public places, on public transport or by car) and there are fears of not finding a way out immediately to a safe place or help available if you feel hurt or you notice a symptom embarrassing and incapacitating. Such situations are avoided or experienced with discomfort.

Social Phobia: fear of marked social or performance situations in which one is exposed to the judgments of others, fear to act in a humiliating or embarrassing. Exposure attorney anxiety and panic. The situations are avoided or endured with extreme distress.

specific phobias: a strong and persistent fear of an object, activity or situation which tends to the avoidance thereof. Both the presence of the object of the phobia that the anticipation aroused a deep discomfort (anxiety, panic) in the affected individual, which usually recognizes as its excessive reaction.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress : response of the individual, short and long term, to a critical event abnormal (earthquakes, fires, storms, road accidents, abuse, violence, warfare, etc..) mainly characterized by: intrusive flashbacks of the trauma, the state of consciousness similar to stun and confusion, a tendency to avoid anything resembling the traumatic experience, experience nightmares trauma, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, aggression and generalized tension.

Generalized anxiety: excessive concern for most of the day for a multitude of events and that lasts at least 6 months, difficulty controlling worry, restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, changes in sleep.

OCD: presence of obsessions (thoughts, images or impulses recurrent, persistent and experienced as uncontrollable) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels compelled to run as a sort of ritual, to defend a certain obsession or anxiety). Compulsions may cover different issues such as contamination, order and control.

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The Trap mental (anxiety)

Some psychological processes that the person puts in place to control and manage the anxiety they just reinforce the fear and the belief that we are inadequate

1. Our mind mistakes the sound device anxiety and physiological changes associated with it for something dangerous and uncontrollable . After the first attacks of anxiety and panic, they are not longer needed external stimuli to trigger the chain reaction of psychophysiology. Sometimes you just need a mental picture of a situation or a memory to unleash catastrophic thoughts, negative emotions and anxiety and finally, avoidance behaviors. The person often tends to become hypersensitive to physical sensations and emotions. Instead of using them in a healthy way as signals to act, it scares , interprets them all as dangerous, rather than acting in a constructive way to solve the basic need, try to cancel them, reducing, sedarli.

2. Living their physiological reactions as dangerous, the person tries to control them. continually addressed his attention to listen to the body and physiological parameters and attempt to modulate them. But because they are spontaneous and automatic functions, the same attempt to control their alteration produces . And 'the attempt to control out of control. The alteration of functions, self-determination, it generates catastrophic thoughts, thoughts feed fear and anxiety and the person begins to freeze and to avoid situations.

A rebuttal of this occurs: a.
if during an episode of anxiety and panic, something happens that distracts the person from physical symptoms and negative thoughts, the anxiety and panic attack is defused.
b. if the person has volunteered to amplify and exacerbate his feelings, instead of reducing them groped, it defuses the anxiety attack.

3.La person tends to avoid situations associated with anxiety attacks. The apparent initial relief comes at a high price. Reinforces the idea that the situation is dangerous and reinforces the conviction of the person to be inadequate to deal with it. The strategy of avoidance (when the sound is real danger to life) tends to harden, to become a regular and systematic approach. This mode feeds the distrust in themselves and leads to a more general inaction. Often, the feared situations are multiplying, self-esteem drops dramatically, the restriction of individual freedom is amplified.

A rebuttal of this occurs instead of the gradual exposure to feared situations accompanied by the use of new resources (new ways of thinking, feeling and acting) is the main method to allow the person to strengthen self-esteem and sense of adequacy and, consequently, reduce their state of alarm, if inappropriate or pathological.

4.La person property relations based on the fact that the other, knowing the limits, is raised against him in a protective, accomplice or replacement. The subject in this way once again avoids confrontation with his limitations and confirms his sense of inadequacy . By the time the requests for help increase and increase the fear of facing their own situations.

A rebuttal to this, the face with their own resources left to manage other people's situations, strengthens self-esteem, autonomy and safety.

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pathological anxiety

pathological anxiety is the feel ready to respond even when we would not have reason or need to be responsive when we are ready to shoot and nothing will alarm when we experience a series of physical or psychological signs even though we may feel calm and relaxed. And when everything is painfully acts on us and on those that we are neighbors.
may be that we are not able to overcome quite a dangerous situation, or that the state of alarm and does not correspond to face a real danger and resolve, in which case the anxiety is transformed from a natural, adaptive response to excessive or unrealistic worry and takes on a connotation of mental disorder, losing the function of an element of growth and maturation, rather than becoming an element of disintegration of personality.

Thus anxiety loses its adaptive function aimed at fostering the relationship with the environment, causing the opposite mismatch and loss of contact with the environment .
This scenario can arise for several reasons, generally happens because there is an incorrect assessment of the perceptions we receive from our cognitive processes. When this
happens, the person tends to develop various types of behavior, usually pathological, in order to control the strong anxieties that grip all the time. One example is the
avoidance behavior, by which the person voluntarily and repeatedly avoids contact with a source of anxiety (eg proximity to the dogs in the case of these animals suffer from phobia), fueling a growing fear toward it (reinforcing the irrational fears, catastrophic fantasies, feelings of inadequacy in dealing with them).

In severe cases it may happen that the person loses awareness of the source of their anxiety, removing an unconscious level. The defense mechanism of repression acts as a kind of censorship of the mind, relegating the unpleasant thoughts and memories and threatening to an unconscious part of psyche. These elements are no longer remembered, however, remain present and continue, from time to time, to generate anxiety. At this point anxiety becomes generalized and apparently did not cause visible .

Another important factor to consider is composed of the secondary benefits of avoidance behavior. In fact, those who suffer from anxiety may in a sense "take advantage" of his situation to get help from others, perhaps not so well aware, for example, returning to the example of cinofobico (who suffers from fear of dogs), he could avoid leaving the house alone for fear of being attacked by a dog and ask a family member or friend to accompany him wherever must move away from home. Or even ask another person to perform tasks for him. This type of behavior does nothing but keep the person away from the source of their anxiety by preventing them to address and resolve constructively (and build a sense of self-efficacy and self-esteem necessary).

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The adaptive functions of anxiety

Anxiety, whose Latin etymology refers to concepts such as feel suffocated and feel tight, is characterized by several mostly unpleasant feelings including fear, fear, apprehension, worry, the feeling that things can get out of hand, the need to find an immediate solution and in the case of prolonged exposure, frustration and despair.

But anxiety is a 'natural and universal emotion, it is generated by a mechanism of physiological and psychological stress response which acts to advance the perception of possible danger even before the latter has clearly occurred, putting moving specific physiological responses that lead to the exploration on the one hand to identify the danger and deal with it in a more appropriate and, when necessary to survival, to 'avoidance and eventual escape.

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ANTICIPATING THE HAZARD - ASSESS THE SITUATION
- ACT IN THE MOST 'PROPER

This feature of interest and avoidance in relation to a possible danger is found only in humans and higher animals, and promotes knowledge of the surrounding world and a better adaptation to it.

The system is very complex and involves a reaction that is both physiological and psychological.

Anxiety is an emotion words essential and entirely spontaneous, which serves to protect us from external threats while preparing and motivating us to action to interaction with the surrounding world.

Anxiety has other key functions in addition to those mentioned above: it allows us to engage in the tasks we do every day, especially in activities which do not carry with interest but that we must accomplish. Studying for an examination of little interest, for example, would be almost impossible if there was an underlying thrust of performance anxiety. Also do their jobs daily commitment is not always possible without the pressure of anxiety. Similarly, even a seemingly trivial as to leave the house in time to catch the bus or train would fail miserably if it were free from anxiety.

These types of anxiety are constructive, or they are useful to our survival. Act as an intermediary between the external world and our inner psychic world, enabling us to cope with life's problems and efforts to improve our adaptation to the environment. I am therefore of growth factors and personality development that provide incentives and motivation to increasing .

Without the anxiety many of our behaviors may not provide the ability to adapt to meet a stimulus that appears, sometimes suddenly, to change our balances, while other times we know it in advance and we just have to organize ourselves.
There is therefore a condition natural to the individual, without expectations, preparation, effort, providing a response to what it calls internally or externally.

Anxiety also comes from the memories or emotions, the development of what has happened to us in the past or may happen in future. And then there's the completely unknown form of anxiety and clumsy, coming from the unconscious (Freud said the conflict between a pulse and could not accept the prohibition of consciousness), and rationalize that we do not know that surrounds us because it defies any identification.

Paradoxically, this state of tension is that corresponding to equilibrium. We could not live without this unbalanced situation of equilibrium. Yet more often than not we realize it: we would expect that welfare is the absence of stimuli, but this ideal condition is the only non-existence. The sleep itself, considered as a condition for removal from external stimuli, but is a crossroads of immense stress and unconscious processing necessary for the life of our existence.

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Physiological and psychological anxiety

It 'absolutely certain that human beings inherit a genetic tools that allow the brain during fetal life, in a perfect way to develop defense systems that form the biological basis of anxiety.

The system is very complex and involves a reaction that is both psychological and. Recently, the neurosciences have allowed to "see inside" the brain and have been identified, although still loosely, brain areas, neural circuits that regulate biochemical and this delicate function

When the senses grasp a danger (a sudden noise, scary picture, an unpleasant feeling), get the information through two-way the brain: a.
shortcut: the brain active immediately "emergency device, the amygdala, which in turn alert all brain structures. The result is the classic fear reaction (sweaty palms, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, adrenaline). All this happens before the mind becomes aware of what he heard.
b. the main road: Only when the fear reaction is activated, the conscious mind comes into operation. The information goes to the thalamus and cortex, where they are processed and is "determined" and commanded the reaction of the body.

course, these defenses do not predispose to the development of pathological anxiety, but only to protect the individual from the attacks of the outside world that could endanger our lives.

pathological anxiety, especially with regard to panic disorder as well as OCD, it is possible that you could inherit the "propensity to disease," ie imperfections in the functioning of some biological systems (particularly serotonin).

But that does not mean you inherit the disorder, the brain Plastic is a highly adaptable, and can create situations in life educational, environmental, social or cultural trigger in those predisposed, symptoms of anxiety disorders.

The structuring of a certain type of personality (way of continuing to see himself, others and the world, way of being, thinking and acting) can therefore be regarded as a factor closely related to the mode of reaction type of abnormal anxiety.

There is no single cause for anxiety. There may be a genetic predisposition to be anxious family, may be influenced by education received, the stress caused by a major change in their lives (loss of job, transfer, bereavement, an accident, the birth of a child), low self-esteem. These factors interact in different ways and to varying degrees from person to person.
Biological factors and environmental factors / psychological are closely linked and interdependent.

- Basic biology (basic physiological systems)
- biological predisposition (some speak of imperfections in biological systems)
- Ready psychological (personality structure: ways of thinking, feeling, acting)
- Environmental situation (events life)

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The Personality Disorders

The term "person" means, in a brief and simplistic, the set of characteristics by which an individual thinks and sees himself and the world and builds and manages the interactions.
Everyone has particular characteristics (personality traits) and these traits, in a state of health, they adapt flexibly to different situations, are modeled on the basis of the events, relationships, the circumstances of the here and now.

People with personality disorders other hand, manifests some sections so marked and rigid, even when circumstances require different attitudes and more appropriate.
For example, a person with histrionic personality disorder constantly needs attention and takes on a seductive and provocative attitude even at inappropriate times, not realizing that in such cases this behavior might be embarrassing to those nearby.

Those who have these disorders are not aware of how hard the poor and their way of being, and while others may label them as "strange", "paranoid", "enhanced", according to this disorder, they see perfectly normal, because they consider that the normal mode of operation.

Many people may be defined as "special" for their character, maybe sometimes exuberant, eccentric, obstinate or aggressive, but it comes to personality disorder only when the model is persistent and creates real difficulties for the person himself and those around her. For

personality disorder (DSM-IV), is a habitual pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual and the culture is manifested in two or more of the following areas:
- cognition (ways of perceiving and interpreting self, others and events)
- affectivity (variety, intensity and appropriateness of emotional response)
- Operation interpersonal
- Control pulse

This model is pervasive and inflexible in a variety of situations, involves a clinically significant distress and impaired functioning in social, occupational or other important areas . The model is usually of long duration and onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood. Not justified as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder, nor is it related to the physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition.


Disorders Personality - Group A: behavior bizarre / eccentric

paranoid personality disorder: those who suffer from this disorder think that others Tramini behind him to deceive. E 'suspicious, convinced that there are conspiracies against him even though there is' no evidence in this regard. The framework is characterized by mistrust and suspicion and the motivations of others are interpreted as malevolent.

schizoid personality disorder : those who suffer from this disorder is a solitary person, which does not seem to import the report with others. Rarely takes pleasure, she has few words and appears without emotion. The framework is characterized detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.

schizotypal personality disorder : those who suffer from this disorder is an eccentric person and feels that he has extrasensory powers or to be particularly intuitive. The framework is characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive and perceptual distortions, eccentricities in behavior.

Personality Disorders - Group B: emotional drama / extravagant

borderline personality disorder: those who suffer from this disorder is very impulsive and unstable and in relations with others, both in the image that's self, both in their affections. Change often review and objectives. Framework characterized by strong instability and impulsivity.

histrionic personality disorder : those who suffer from this disorder is a person seductive, theatrical, always looking for attention. Often try to attract through the appearance (or disease). The framework is characterized by excessive emotionality.

narcissistic personality disorder: those who suffer from this disorder feel great, perfect, research by others praise and admiration, as if they were due because of its superiority. The framework is characterized by grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy.

Antisocial Personality Disorder Who suffers from this disorder is a manipulative person that violates the rights of others without feeling guilt. E 'often irresponsible and violent.

Personality Disorders - Group C was anxious and fearful

avoidant personality disorder: those who suffer from this disorder feel shy and insecure and avoids having social relationships for fear of criticism. The framework is characterized by inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative reviews.

dependent personality disorder: those who suffer from this disorder have great difficulty in making decisions and actions and feels the strong need to be cared for, reassured, supported. The framework is characterized by a submissive behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.

Obsessive-compulsive personality : those who suffer from this disorder is a perfectionist, with constant concern for order and precision. The framework is characterized by a pervasive need for supervision.

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A definition of psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is a specialized branch of psychology that deals the treatment of psychopathological disorders of varying severity ranging from slight mismatch deep alienation and can manifest themselves in neurotic or psychotic symptoms such as to prejudice the welfare of a person up to prevent its development leading to effective disability and for this purpose uses application techniques of psychology from which it takes specification: cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, and so on. Professionally

psychotherapy is a specialty health reserved for doctors and psychologists and members of their professional associations in Italy is achieved through a course at graduate schools or universities specialization in private schools. The latter legitimized by a Board of Control MUR - Ministry of University and Research - to provide specialist training.

Etymologically, the word psychotherapy, "care of the soul," leads to treatment of the psyche made of psychological tools such as Word, listening, thinking, relationship, conscious change in the purpose of psychological processes which determine the malaise inappropriate or lifestyle characteristics and often by symptoms such as anxiety, depression, phobias, etc..

problems subject to intervention by the therapist range from general discomfort to the existential problems of more structured forms (by structuring neurotic symptoms and psychotic ones), to more serious forms of alienation with delusional interpretation of reality, often with auditory hallucinations, visual or tactile.
may be addressed symptomatic phenomena such as anxiety, depression, manic disorder, phobias, obsessions, eating disorders - anorexia and bulimia - and the sexual, compulsive behavior, substance abuse, etc. . (So-called "Axis I disorders of DSM") as well as personality disorders (axis II disorders of DSM "), or forms of discomfort psychopathologically not structured and complex phenomena such as bullying, marital conflict, and others. In General psychotherapist can also affect the rehabilitation of persons with psychiatric and rehabilitation of drug addicts, both within public health facilities (eg Mental Health Centres for persons in the case of psychiatric and addiction SERT) or within the Community Treatments which may be public or private.

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Psychologist (psychology graduate and Member of the Order of Psychologists) as a consultant has not tasks concerning the prevention and treatment of disease , but common formula on how much more or less synthetic, using tools such as tests, interviews, etc.., could be considered a professional in one or more meetings with a person with a group or environment where the advice is generated for.

There are then individual counseling, group and context (work, security, judicial, industrial, commercial orientation, etc..), Depending on the person to whom the consultant turns his attention, which takes the information and which provides the service.

According to general theories and his own experience, from the results of tests and questionnaires, from the consideration of the observed phenomena, and by listening to those reported by the knowledge of the useful context connotes the observed psychologist obtains the information necessary to describe the state of facts and any potential alternatives in order to guide the person or institution selected to meet the client's desires, needs and possibilities.

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Games Psychological Counselling - Relationship with the same final

Have you ever had a social interaction in which you and the other in the end, you feel both uncomfortable?
in which you said to yourself: "It happened again!", "I thought he / she was different ... but", "How come it happened again?". A situation in which you are surprised by how things turn out, making you account at the same time that there was that final family?
If there is success, it is very likely that, in TA language, you were making a "game" psychological.
Eric Berne, founder of transactional analysis, was the first to speak of "games" and to suggest how to analyze them.

The Games have some specific characteristics:
1. are REPETITIVE : each person plays his favorite over and over again. Actors and content may change but the basic pattern is always the same.
2. are Unaware means a person puts on the scene without realizing it, and even in the final stage, when he realizes the repetition effect of the scheme, is not aware of having contributed to build it itself.
3. involve an exchange of MORE SETTLEMENTS among the players: there is an exchange that takes place in social manifesto and another exchange (more precisely), which occurs at a psychological level, indirect. It 'just that it determines the course of the transaction.
4. involves a moment of surprise or CONFUSION in which the player has the feeling something unexpected happened. People seem to have changed roles.

The games are not fun. So why carry them? AT The authors suggested several hypotheses.
Everyone agrees on one thing: in making a game, the person, instead of using resources and options mature relationship management, active childhood had found that those strategies are instrumental to get attention (good or bad they were). The Schiff also suggest that the games are derived from unresolved symbiotic relationships in which each player devalues \u200b\u200bboth himself and others. Every game is an attempt to maintain a healthy symbiosis or not an angry reaction against the symbiosis itself.

An example.

Jack met Jean. They fall in love and decide to live together. At first everything is fine. Over the months Jack began to suffer Jaen: ignore her needs, rails against the beating, he gets drunk, spends her money. Jean, despite everything, continues to excuse him. The more aggressive he becomes, the more she feels hurt, more excuses. This is for three years. Then, without warning, Jean Jack leaves for another man. Jack finds a note at home, where she tells her that she's gone forever. Jack is amazed, "How could this happen?". Tracked her down and pray. The more he prays, the more she rejects him hard, the more he feels sick. Jack feels depressed, abandoned and asks "What's wrong?" "Never again." The strange thing is that Jack has already had two experiences of rejection that have followed the same pattern. The pattern repeats itself again and he felt surprised and refused. Jean, meanwhile, has already been abused by other men. At first she accepted and then, suddenly, everything has refused, saying once again "all men are equal." Nevertheless, begins relationship with another man and history is repeating itself.

An example.

Molly meets Tom who looks distraught. He says: "My landlord threw me out, I do not know where to go. I do not know what to do." Molly worried: "It 's terrible, how can I help you?". Tom sadly: "I do not know" and waits. Molly then says: "Do not be discouraged, try looking in the newspaper, you can rent a room." He shot down: "I do not have enough money." She: "I can give you help with this." He: "nice of you, but I do not want charity from anyone." Molly: "Well, at least I can book a bed at the hostel until you solve the problem?". Tom: "Thanks, but I do not think I could be among all those people." He falls silent. Molly does not find other solutions. Tom pulls out a long sigh, gets up and walks away saying, "Thanks anyway for trying." Molly asks, "What the hell happened?". He feels stunned, depressed, not up to help others. Tom feels outraged and thinks: "I knew it would help me."


I.STEWART-V. Joines "Transactional Analysis. Guide to the psychology of human relationships "(pgg.295-327)

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The Drama Triangle

Stephen Karpman has developed this tool, the dramatic triangle, to analyze the psychological games (= number of transactions carried out by two additional people in an unconscious way and lead the same, on a repetitive basis and reciprocal basis, to live unpleasant emotions).
He says that whenever we carry out a psychological game we go into one of three roles:

▪ The SALVATORE: Yes strives to help others, often replacing them, thus devaluing the capacity to act, think and manage independently (Confirming the sense of powerlessness ed'inadeguatezza). It attributes value to the extent that it is useful to others (instead of being victims). Victims needs around him to continue the game.

▪ the persecutor : To avoid feeling Victim Calls on others to assume the role. This makes attacking, criticizing, belittled, judged, condemned, depreciating.

▪ The VICTIM: feels inferior to others, devalues \u200b\u200btheir ability to think and act. Go to the search for a persecutor or a Savior who supports it in its place. Each

The role involves a devaluation. Salvatore Persecutor and devalue others, devalues \u200b\u200bthe victim herself.
Three Roles inauthentic, not based on a position on an adult and realistic examination of themselves, of others and of reality. Are the projection on the here and now of strategies children, anachronistic and dysfunctional, to face life.

Usually the person making a game from one of the three roles and then move to another. This change of role is obvious at the time of the surprises that characterizes the game, when the two partners change positions and are both amazed at what has happened (although it can reap the repetition).


Ex

Step by Salvatore to Victim: The game of Molly "Why not try a. ..".
Transition from Victim to persecutors: Tom's Game "Yeah .. but. "

Molly meets Tom who looks distraught. He says:" My landlord threw me out, I do not know where to go. I do not know what to do. "Molly worried:" It 's terrible, how can I help you? ". Tom disconsolately," I do not know "and waits (Victim). Molly then says:" Do not be discouraged, try looking in the newspaper You can rent a room "(Salvatore). He shot down:" I do not have enough money. "She:" I can give you help with this. "Him:" nice of you, but I do not want charity from anybody. "Molly: "Well, I can at least book a hostel bed until you solve the problem? ". Tom annoyed:" Thanks, but I do not think I could be among all those people. "He falls silent. Molly does not find other solutions. Tom pulls out a long sigh, gets up and walks away saying, coldly: "Thank you anyway for trying" (persecutory). Molly asks, "What the hell happened?". He feels stunned, depressed, not up to help others (victims). Tom feels indignant and think "incompetent, I knew it would help me."

I.STEWART-V. Joines "Transactional Analysis. Guide to the psychology of human relationships "(pg. 301)
S. WOLLAMS - M. BROWN" Analysis Transactional. Psychotherapy of the person and the relationships "(pg. 183)
E. BERNE, "What game?"